Department of
Urban and Regional Planning
Concept: The concept of rural-urban
fringe has been developed by Von Thunen. Then in the year 1925 Jonasson
revealed that the suburban area fulfills the needs of the town. In 1928,
MacKangie first of all expressed rural-urban fringe in “The New Exploration”
that the town recklessly uses the surrounding area.
Rural-urban fringe is an area which lies at the end of the
urban center. It is a transitional zone where the characteristics of both urban
and rural settlements are found in a mixed form.
Rural-Urban fringe has mixed characteristics of both rural
and urban. Some of the definitions are as follows:
‘The fringe is the
zone between the country and the city’- R.R Mayer and J.A Beegle
‘The urban fringe
is defined as the land surrounding the town which is not considered as a part
of it but whose use is influenced directly by the town’ -Lewis Keeble
Land Use in
Rural-Urban fringe
It is quite apparent that rural-urban fringe is a
transitional zone between urban and rural areas.Land price ofthis area is
relatively low comparing to the central business district. Most of the people
will choice urban fringe because of its cost of living and it is also an area
of present and future development of urban settlement.
Characteristics of
Rural-Urban fringe:
·
It is a transitional zone.
·
It is an area of present and future development.
·
Fringe withdraws the land from agricultural production.
·
Land value of fringe area is more than rural less than urban area.
·
It is a zone of fast changing ownership of the land.
·
The expansion of residential houses took place fast.
·
Hazardous growth is found
·
Service oriented facilities such as – water supply; sewerage
system, gas etc. are not good.
Managements of
urban fringe:
Urban fringe is a dynamic area which changes with span of
time. Presently its management has been a complicated issue for a fast growing
city, especially in developing countries. Urban fringe development is not only
a process of transition of land from its rural use to urban use, rather, it is
a complex process that involves many concerns such as change in landownership
pattern, land transfer process, types of development, regulatory measures and
their enforcement.
·
Responsiveness: All the management activities (i.e.
execution of master plan) will be done within a given time framework. For
example, there will not be any unnecessary delay in the implementation of
master plan.
·
Transparency: Any decision in land management will be done
followed by rules and regulations without any biasness.
·
Rule of law: Land management activities will be controlled through
legal framework. For example, it will not overlook the poor’s right to the
access to land.
·
Accountability: Government as well as stakeholders will be
accountable for their decisions and activities in land management sector.
·
Consensus orientated: Any land related laws; policy or spatial
planning strategies will come into force after receiving the consent from
stakeholders.
·
Effectiveness and efficiency: Land development laws, rules and
regulations and spatial planning will be sound enough from social, economic,
cultural and environmental perspective and it will also protect human rights.
Stakeholder participation can make a fertile ground for good
governance and can be a potentially useful vehicle to enhance the quality of
governing system in land management. But in practice to establish a functional
structure to involve stakeholders is really a challenging task. Because land
management process takes place within a country context influenced by historic
and legal tradition, nature of administration, political ideology, legal and
institutional framework and above all land management goals.
Hinterland
The hinterland is the land or district behind a coast or the
shoreline of a river. Specifically, by the doctrine of the hinterland, the word
is applied to the inland region lying behind a port, claimed by the state that
owns the coast. The area from which products are delivered to a port for
shipping elsewhere is that port's hinterland. The term is also used to refer to
the area around a city or town.
Hinterland means a rural area surrounding the urban
catchment of large cities or agglomerations. Where these characteristics are
fond
1. It is
characterized by a less dense population and infrastructure.
2. In shipping
usage, a port's hinterland is the area that it serves, both for imports and for
exports.
3. The size of a
hinterland can depend on geography, but also on the ease, speed, and cost of
transportation between the port and the hinterland.
By analogy, it is the area surrounding a service from which
customers are attracted, also called the market area. Hinterland was applied
also to the surrounding areas of former European colonies in Africa, which,
although not part of the colony itself, were influenced by the colony.
Rural Urban Integration
Urban-rural integration involves many areas of
socio-economic development. We need a new analytical framework to analyze the
main intersections and disparities between urban and rural areas in order to
identify the salient characteristics of the urban bias and urban-rural
integration in development strategies. Current development thinking and policy
measures consider urban-rural integration under three main rubrics.
1. Deployment of key factors
between urban and rural areas: that is, the terms of trade of agricultural products, the
use of savings, the requisitioning of land, the labor transfer and
environmental dividends. Accordingly, urban-rural integration means that key factor
allocation must be changed from exclusively benefiting urban development to
benefiting a balanced development of both urban and rural areas.
2. Supply of
primary public goods and services in urban and rural areas: which are currently, segregated
into two sharply contrasting systems, that is, infrastructure, compulsory
education, health care and social insurance. Accordingly, urban-rural
integration means that this division into two systems must be changed and the
policies already implemented in the cities must be extended to the rural areas,
gradually diminishing the urban-rural gap.
3. Allocation
of public resources between urban and rural areas: This subsumes the previous two
rubrics. Broadly stated, urban-rural unification means that the cover of public
finances must be extended to rural areas, and that financial support must be
provided to readjust the deployment of key factors between urban and rural
areas and to promote equal access to public services in urban and rural areas.
The strategies – urban-biased development and urban-rural
integration – are not clearly separated by a point in time. Rather, in
different parts of the country they have begun at different times and lasted
for different lengths of time. We shall ignore these intricacies here for the
simplicity of the argument.
Others policy may:
1. Terms of Trade
between Industry and Agriculture
2. The Utilization
of Savings Deposits
3. Land Requisitioning
4. Labor Transfer
5. Ecological
Dividends
6. Infrastructure
7. Compulsory
Education
8. Medical and
Health Care
9. Social Security
10. Public Finance
No comments:
Post a Comment